Small-scale farming in sub Saharan Africa is central to food security. However, subsistence farming is not yet meeting its role in reducing the current yield gaps and ensuring food security. Current agronomic recommendations are too broad to be useful and remain largely unvalidated. Therefore, there is a growing demand for high precision information on soil conditions and agronomic performance to guide investment decisions on use of agro-inputs and other land management interventions. We collected 524 soil samples (0-20 and 20-50 cm depth ranges) to identify soil-health constraints for targeting interventions to improve maize production in Murunga County, Kenya